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Part b examen

HENRY VIII

NAME: Henry Tudor
BORN:Greenwich Palace, on 28 June 1491
PARENTS:Henry VII & Queen Elizabeth of York
CROWNED:1502 - death of Arthur
Crowned on April 21 1509
RELIGION : although he created the Church of England, he remained Catholic.
MARITAL STATUS:Married 6 times
CHILDREN:Mary I, Elizabeth I & Edward VI.
HOBBIES :Jousting, archery, stag and dee hunting, hawking and music.
MOST FAMOUS PALACE:Hampton court
HIS LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND :
Cardinal Wolsey
DIED :28 January 1547
REIGNED :For 33 years ( 1509 - 1547 )

BURIED :16 February 1547 at St. George's chapel, Windsor Castle

1. HENRY VII WAS MARRIED TO SIX DIFFERENT WOMEN.

	Name :   Anne Boleyn Fate :   Beheaded at the Tower of London on May 19, 1536 after being charged with adultery.	Children :   Elizabeth I Wife Number :    2
	Name :   Jane Seymour Fate :    On October 24, 1537, Jane died from complications of childbirth. Jane is the only one of Henry's wives to share his grave.	Children : Edward VI Wife Number :3
	Name :    Anne of Cleves Fate :    Henry divorced her and Anne received a nice sum of money, an estate, and the title of "King's Sister".	Children : None Wife Number :4
	Name :    Catherine of Aragon Fate :    Henry divorced her, having their marriaged anulled. Catherine was banished from the kingdom and lived in seclusion until the time of her death.	Children : Mary I Wife Number : 1
	Name :     Catherine Parr Fate :    She outlived Henry.On September 7, Catherine died of complications from the childbirth.	Children :None Wife Number :6
	Name :    Catherine Howard Fate :    Beheaded at the Tower of London , charged with treason	Children :None Wife Number : 5

Exercise 2

Throughout his reign King Henry VIII was married six different times. He married for both political and formal reasons.Henry VIII's motive for marriage wasto have a male heir to the throne. Some of Henry's actions proved that he would go to any length to have a male child. For example, the beheading of two of his wives and the inhumane treatment of Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII made a big deal about having a male child to insure the continuance of the House of Tudor.

Elizabeth Theatre

1. Whereabout in London were the Theatres located ? Why ?

In the " Liberties ", outside the City walls and on the south bank of the river , called Southwark.Because the City Council ( guilds) together with the Puritans did not approve of the playhouses.

The liberties "belonged" to the city yet fell outside the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor, the sheriffs of London, and the Common Council. Therefore, they were areas over which the city had authority but, paradoxically, almost no control. Liberties existed inside the city walls as well--it was in them that the so-called private or hall playhouses were to be found--but they too stood "outside" the city's effective domain.

In 1575, when Shakespeare was only eleven, the City authorities imposed a Code of Practice upon the Players which so displeased them that they decided to withdraw outside the City boundaries. Thus it was that in the following year, 1576, the first custom-made London theatre, appropriately called 'The Theatre' was built in Finsbury Fields and the next year, 1577, The Curtain was built in the same area.

Theatre was viewed as a scandal and an outrage--a controversial phenomenon that religious and civic authorities strenuously sought to outlaw. In 1572, in fact, players were defined as vagabonds--criminals subject to arrest and whipping. Furthermore, "popular" drama, performed by professional acting companies for anyone who could afford the price of admission, was perceived as too vulgar in its appeal to be considered a form of art.

Yet the animus of civic and religious authorities was rarely directed toward other forms of popular recreation, such as bearbaiting or the sword-fighting displays that the populace could see in open-air amphitheatres similar in construction to The Theatre and the Globe. The city regularly singled out the playhouses and regularly petitioned the court for permission to shut them down--permission that was only granted temporarily, in times of plague, in part because Elizabeth I liked to see well-written and well-rehearsed plays at court during Christmas festivities but declined to pay for the development and maintenance of the requisite repertory companies herself.
Free or "at liberty" from manorial rule or obligations to the crown,

2. Name the most important theatres during Elizabethan times.

Fortune , Globe , Hope, Red Bull , Rose, Swan , Theatre & the 
Whitefriars Theatre

3. Which was the first playhouse in London ? Who built it ?

The Theatre was the first public playhouse of London, located in the parish of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. It was designed and built by James Burbage (the father of actor Richard Burbage).

4. When was it built ? When was it closed ?
The Theatre was a roofless, circular building with three galleries surrounding a yard. It opened in 1576, and several companies performed there, including Leicester's Men (1576-78), the Admiral's Men (1590-91), and Chamberlain's Men (1594-96), who were associated with William Shakespeare. The Theatre also housed fencing and athletic competitions. After the death of James Burbage in February 1597, the theatre's lease ended. In 1598 the building was dismantled, and Burbage's sons, Cuthbert and Richard, used its timbers to construct the first Globe Theatre.

5. Describe the particular shape of the theatres . Where did they take this shape from ?

The theatres were circular, open-air buildings, surrounded an open yard (like the Inn-Yards) with the stage at one end, jutting out into the audience to about half the depth of the theatre; the width was considerably more. Round three sides of the yard were three tiers of galleries where the wealthier or superior members of the audience sat; the rest of the audience stood in the open yard around the stage and (for obvious reasons) they were known as 'the Groundlings'.

The original Theatre was designed in a mix of traditions. Its name drew attention to the Roman theatre tradition. Its circular shape, though, reflected not the Roman D but the gatherings of crowds in town marketplaces, where all the players of 1576 got their training. Building a scaffold with three levels of galleries surrounding a circular yard copied the arrangement for audiences of existing bearbaiting and bullbaiting houses. The stage, a platform mounted in the yard, was the kind of thing that traveling companies set up in inn yards.

6. Who controlled the performances on behalf of the government?

The person who controlled the performances of plays on behalf of the government was the Master of Revels.In the 1590s this was a man called Edmund Tilney.

7. Why could the theatres be closed down ?

Playhouses could be closed for many reasons, among them outbreaks of the plague, sedition and immorality, which would certainly have included women appearing on stage.

8. Who played the parts of women on stage ? Why ?

Young men , as it was thought immoral for women to act in plays , even to attend the playhouses.

9. Did women attend the theatre?

Yes, women did attend the theatre although this was not formally approved of. In fact, every level of society went to the plays including apprentices, law students, craftsmen, pickpockets, ballad sellers, merchants and nobility.

Even legend says Queen Elizabeth attended the Globe secretly some times.

10. How much did it cost to stand in the yard ? And to sit in a gallery ? And to have a cushion ?And to sit in the lords’ room ?

It cost one penny to stand in the yard of the playhouse and a further penny for a seat in one of the covered galleries. A cushion to make watching the play more comfortable cost a further penny and a seat in the Lords' room cost approximately sixpence.

To stand in the yard - One penny

To sit in the gallery - Two pennies

To have a cushion - Three pennies

To sit in the Lords' room - Sixpence

The globe

The globe

1. What was the name of the company Shakespeare belonged to ?

Lord Chamberlain's Men ( Later The King's Men )

2. How many companies were licensed to perform in London ? Only 2.

3. Why did Shakespeare's company build the Globe ?

Shakespeare's company only built the Globe because they could not use the special playhouse that their chief actor Richard Burbage's father had built for them in 1596, a roofed theatre inside the city, in Blackfriars.

4. Who built the Globe ?

It was built by two brothers, Cuthbert and Richard Burbage, who inherited its predecessor, The Theatre, from their father, James.


5. Who did the Globe belong to ?

Half the shares in the new theatre were kept by the Burbages. The rest were assigned equally to Shakespeare and other members of the Chamberlain's Men (the company of players who acted there), of which Richard Burbage was principal actor and of which Shakespeare had been a leading member since late 1594.

5. What did Shakespeare's company use to build the Globe ?

The Theatre had closed, ostensibly for good, in 1597, and the owner of the land on which it stood threatened to pull the building down once the lease had expired. The Burbages and their associates anticipated the threat, however, and in late 1598 dismantled The Theatre and carried the materials to Bankside (a district of Southwark stretching for about half a mile west of London Bridge on the south bank of the River Thames).

Without The Theatre, the company had to rent a playhouse. Then at the end of 1598 they decided to build one for themselves. The shortage of cash made the consortium reluctant traditionalists, giving up the idea of an indoor theatre in the city and using the old Theatre's timbers and therefore the same basic auditorium shape for the new building. The old playhouse was one of their few remaining resources. They could not use it in situ because the lease had expired, so they dismantled it and took the timbers (illegally) to make the skeleton of their new amphitheatre. The Globe was a cut-price and fortuitous construction.

6. When the Globe was built , there were two other theatres in Southwark already. Which ones ? The Swan and The Rose

7. When was the Globe built ?

It was probably completed by the autumn of 1599 .

8. How and when was it destroyed ?

In 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII, the thatch of the Globe was accidentally set alight by a cannon, set off to mark the King's entrance onstage in a scene at Cardinal Wolsey's palace. The entire theatre was destroyed within the hour.

9. When was it rebuilt ?

By June 1614 it had been rebuilt, this time with a tiled gallery roof and a circular shape.

10. When was it finally pulled down ? Why ?

It was pulled down in 1644, two years after the Puritans closed all theatres, to make way for tenement dwellings.

11. Explain how acting at the Globe was like.

Acting at the Globe was radically different from viewing modern Shakespeare on screen.

The plays were staged in the afternoons, using the light of day. Therefore, all references to weather or time of the day had to be given to the audience through the text.

Henry VIII

NAME:   Henry VIII
BORN:   June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace
PARENTS:    Henry VII and Elisabeth of York
CROWNED:    April, 1509
RELIGION:   He created the Anglican Church
MARITAL STATUS:   He had eight wives.
CHILDREN:   13
HOBBIES:  Hunt
MOST FAMOUS PALACE: House of Tudor
HIS LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND:
DIED: 28 January, 1547
REIGNED:   From 21 April 1509 – 28 January 1547
                      (37 years, 282 days)
BURIED: 4 February 1547 

Genealogic tree

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